Understanding Child Custody in India

Understanding Child Custody in India

Child custody refers to the legal guardianship of a child post-divorce or separation. Indian courts prioritize the welfare of the child while granting custody, considering factors like age, emotional attachment, education, and parental ability. Custody can be physical, legal, joint, or third-party depending on the circumstances.

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🔹 Types of Child Custody Recognized by Indian Law

There are several types of custody:

  1. Physical Custody – The child lives with one parent, while the other has visitation rights.

  2. Joint Custody – Shared parenting responsibilities.

  3. Legal Custody – The right to make decisions about the child's upbringing.

  4. Third-Party Custody – When neither parent is fit to take custody.

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🔹 Who Gets Custody After Divorce?

In most cases, mothers are awarded custody of young children, while fathers are granted visitation rights. However, the court considers the child's best interest over gender-based assumptions.

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🔹 Role of Guardian and Wards Act in Child Custody

The Guardian and Wards Act, 1890 governs custody laws in India. It emphasizes child welfare over parental rights and allows courts to appoint guardians when necessary.

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🔹 How to File for Child Custody in India?

To seek custody, a parent must file a petition in the family court under relevant provisions. Legal representation, proof of parental fitness, and evidence of the child’s best interests are crucial to winning custody.

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